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In accordance with Article 4 of the EU Floods Directive (FD), the first milestone in the FD basin-wide implementation is undertaking a preliminary flood risk assessment (PFRA), as well as identifying those areas for which it has been concluded that potential significant flood risks exist or might be considered likely to occur, so-called Areas of Potential Significant Flood Risk (APSFR), as in accordance with FD Article 5.

Accidental pollution events are dangerous form of water contamination by hazardous substances. Industrial facilities, mining areas and contaminated sites that store, process or produce such substances in substantial amounts pose hazard (potential risk) to water. To avoid pollution accidents appropriate prevention measures have to be in place.

The Accident Emergency Warning System (AEWS) of the Danube River Basin is activated whenever there is a risk of transboundary water pollution, or threshold danger levels of certain hazardous substances are exceeded.

Accidental pollution in the Danube River Basin can cause widespread damage to the environment, and endanger the health of local people and the state of local economies downstream. This was exemplified by the effects of the Baia Mare cyanide spill in Romania in 2000 or by the Hungarian redsludge accident at Ajka in 2010. The ICPDR is working to prevent accidental pollution and to improve response capability by compiling an inventory of all relevant "Accident Risk Spots".